Volcanic Rock Basalt Tile & Slab China Grey Basalt

The volcanic rocks are porous shaped stones formed by volcanic eruptions, and are very precious. Volcanic rocks are rich in sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, manganese, iron, phosphorus, nickel, cobalt and other minerals, because their surface are covered with holes and antique color, and they have small conductive coefficient, non-radioactive, and fast color and other characteristics. They have features of weather resistance, high temperature resistance, sound absorption and noise reduction, water absorption, skid resistance, heat insulation, accommodation of air humidity and improving the ecological environment, the volcanic rocks are used as the first choice to the surface of Modern architecture, and they are suitable for luxury decoration of both internal and external walls, hotels, guest houses, villas, roads, squares, residential quarters, garden, and all kinds of antique retro European architecture.


Physical Properties
1. Appearance shape: no wedge-angel grain, small water flow resistance, non-easy blocking, water and air are well-distributed; rough surface, fast bio film formation, microbial membrane is not easy to fall off when take backwash.
2. Porous: volcanic rocks are naturally cellular porous and they are the best environment for bacteria micelles’ growth.
3. The mechanical strength: according to the National Quality Inspection departments, it should be 5.08Mpa. The fact is that volcanic rocks can endure different hydraulic shearing strength, and that they have far longer life than other filter media.
4 Density: moderate, easily to suspended and not to leak material when take backwash, energy saving.


Chemical properties
Volcanic rocks (Igneous Rock) are formed directly from the solidified magma. When liquid cooling, the high temperature magma crystallize a variety of minerals, which integrated closely into volcanic rocks. The magma of different chemical composition eventually become volcanic rocks of different mineral composition, the rock type are as variety as hundreds.
Due to heat preservation effect of crystal, the closer to the core, the higher the temperature is. The core is in liquid state because of high pressure, and the high temperature liquid material is magma under crust. According to the lava of modern volcanic eruption, silicate is the main ingredient of magma, in which the SiO2 content is between 30-80%, metal oxides such as Ai2O3, Fe2O3, FeO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, etc. accounted for 20-60%, and total amount of others such as heavy metals, non-ferrous metals, rare metals and radioactive elements does not exceed 5%. In addition, the magma also contains a number of volatile components, such as H2O, CO2, H2S, F, Cl, etc.
According to the level of the silicon content, magma is classified as four major categories volcanic rocks, acidic, Intermediate, basic, and ultra basic. Basalts belong to basic volcanic rocks, and based on the different secondary minerals, they can be divided into olivine basalt, hypersthenes basalt; based on texture and structure, they can be divided into vesicular basalt, amygdaloidal basalt; based on the chemical composition and minerals ingredients, can be divided into high-alumina basalt, alkali basalt and tholeiitic basalt.


Formation
The rock expands when melting and needs more space. In some parts of the world, the mountains are uplifting. The pressure under these rising mountains is decreasing; therefore a lava (also called "magma") library might be formed below these mountains. These substances rise along the rift caused by uplift effect. When the pressure in the lava library is larger than the pressure of rock roof above it, it bursts outward to become a volcano. When it erupts, the hot gas, liquid or solid material burst out. These substances accumulate around the opening and form conical hills. "Crater" is the Sub-sag zone on top of the volcano, the opening direct to the surface. The cone-shaped mountain is product of volcano formation. The main substance volcano erupts is gas, but volcanic rock and solid material such as slag and ash sprayed out, too. In fact, volcano erupted magma, when the magma rises to the height of the near-surface, its temperature and pressure began to decline, and physical and chemical changes happen to it, finally magma become volcanic rock.
Igneous rocks have two outputs, intrusive and extrusive. These penetrated in crust of a certain depth formed by slow cooling are known as the intrusive rocks. The intrusive rocks need a very long time to digenetic consolidate. The geologists have estimated that a 2,000-meter-thick granite body crystal completely takes about 64000 years; these sprayed or overflowed to the surface and condensates to rocks are called extrusive rock. The extrusive rocks because magma temperatures were sharply decreased have the relatively short time of consolidation digenetic. A 1 m thick basalt crystal takes 12 days to crystallize completely, 10 m thick one takes 3 years, 700 m thick one takes 9000 years. Therefore, the intrusive rocks take much longer than the extrusive rock at consolidation.
Viscosity is also one of very important property of the magma, representing the state and the extent of magma flow. SiO2 contented in the magma affects viscosity most, followed by Al2O3, Cr2O3, and as their levels increased magma viscosity increases significantly. Acid rock, SiO2, Al2O3 content is very high, has the greatest viscosity; volatile contents dissolved in the magma can reduce the viscosity of the magma, lower the melting point of minerals, make magma easy to flow, and prolong crystallization time; in addition, the higher temperature of the magma, correspondingly, the lower viscosity; the greater the pressure magma withstand, the greater the viscosity of the magma.
Magmatic rocks have some of their own unique structure and structural features, for example extrusive rock, formed under the conditions of temperature, pressure decreased suddenly, which result in a large number of volatile matter dissolved in the magma to escape in the form of gases, forms vesicular structures. When the stomata are well developed, the rock will become very light, even floating on the water, known as pumice. If these pores are filled by material later, almond-shaped structure is formed. If Magma sprayed to the surface, the lava often leave traces during the process of flowing, sometimes seems several strands of rope screwed together, rock sociologists call it the rhyolitic structure, or rope-like structure. If the magma erupts underwater, the lava will form a lot of ellipsoid under the effects of water and is called pillow structure. It’s clear that these special structures exist only in the magmatic rocks.
Whatever the magmatic rocks penetrate to the underground or spray to the surface, have clear boundaries between them and the surrounding rocks. It is generally known as the rock wall, that is, the almost vertical plate-like intrusions through the rock, and it is from tens of centimeters to tens of meters in thickness and from a few tens of meters to tens of kilometers or even hundreds of kilometers in length.
Due to physical and chemical condition changes such as temperature, pressure, during the process that the magma rises along the channel from the upper mantle or lower crust to surface and becomes intrusive rocks or spray to the surface to become extrusive rocks, the nature of the magma, chemical composition, mineral composition are also changing correspondingly, therefore, magmatic rocks formed in nature are diversity, such as mafic rocks, neutral rock, acid rock, alkaline rocks, carbonate rocks, etc, a underlining the complexity and diversity of the magma.
The columnar jointed in basalt - in basaltic lava flows, is that vertical condensate face often develops into hexagonal columnar.

cause of formation, it is generally believed that the basic lava has uniform distribution of the cooling centers (equilateral triangle distribution, the distance of lava cooling center is equal to each other), and then shrink to the center, forming a hexagonal columnar joints.

The advantage of Hainan Basalt
Basalt is a rising star in the stone industry, the reason why it is gradually recognized by the industry is in addition to the general characteristics of ordinary stone, it also has a unique style and special features. The talent of other natural stone cannot compare with that of it. Basalt has the following advantages:
1. Environmental friendly, non-radioactive
Comparing with other natural stones, basalt has superior performance, in addition to the general characteristics of ordinary stone, it also has its own unique style and special features. Compared with marble stone, basalt stone is non-radioactive, so that it’s safe to use it in human living places, and will not make consumers who choose to use stone for internal decoration feel uncomfortable.
2. Good texture, bright and pure color
Basalt stone, which is hard, can be used to produce ultra-thin stone plate, after fine grinding, its surface glosses up to 85 degrees. It’s bright and pure in color, elegant and dignified in appearance, and it is not only widely used in a variety of building for exterior decoration, municipal roads and squares, and paved ground of residential areas, but also more preferred for all types of antique buildings, European-style architectures, landscape architectures. It is favorite and popular among customers at home and abroad.
3. Rich in microelements
Natural basalt has more than thirty kinds of microelements beneficial to human health. People could treat many diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism, and various skin diseases by taking bath in hot springs, numerous of which come into being by volcanoes and have good effect in health functions.
4. Three “high” advantages: high strength, high wear resistance, high hardness
The crushed basalt stone particles (0.5 to 2 cm) are widely used in roads construction, buildings, dams, and other infrastructures. Compared with other stone, basalt products have unique characteristics in high strength, high wear resistance, high hardness, and they are especially suitable for embankment casting of highway and airport runway. Basalt products can greatly improve load-bearing, compression, wear-resistant, anti-fatigue and other item performance of the infrastructure of a road; they are helpful in guarantee the quality of long-term goal of a project, and are the preferred stone of the construction projects and building design department in determining engineering materials.
5. Weather resistant, climate resistance, durable
Basalt stones, with the characteristics of weather resistant, climate resistance and durable, are able to meet the new fashion that people are looking for natural simplicity, advocating green in the construction and fitting.
6. Photoresist and heat insulation
Basalt is originated after the erupted volcanic lava condensing, therefore it has the functions of resisting heat and high temperature. Basalt will neither have a sizzling baking feeling as granite under strong sunlight, nor icy hand feeling like granite in the cold winter. Unique "breathing" function can adjust the humidity of the air, improve the ecological environment, and can be widely used in municipal, corporate, and personal.
7. Noise reduction
With the unique natural holes, Basalt, which has superior acoustic noise reduction effects, is the only natural sound absorption materials among all building materials. Sound absorption is conducive to improve the auditory environment; basalt is natural so as to avoid glare, which can help to improve the visual environment.
8. Water absorbing and anti-skidding
With natural holes, Basalt has a unique function of penetration. It can take advantage of the holes in the rain to absorb enough water, and slowly release the moisture to mediate the temperature of the surrounding air in the sunlight. This function mainly applies to the pedestrian streets, squares, courtyards, especially the surroundings of flowers, grass, and trees to penetrate rainwater into the ground, to circulate with the underground water, and to ensure that the plants have adequate water.
9. Fire-resistant and heat preservation
After refine in the high temperature of 1500 degrees, basalt has strong fire-resistant feature, it is not easy to melt and it has heat preservation effect.
10. Wear resistance and corrosion resistance
Basalt stone pipes have excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. They can be substitution for harmful asbestos and glass products and alternative of metal material without losing the advantages of glass, metal and other materials. Compared with metals, they weight lighter, better at corrosion resistance and have longer lives. The basalt stone pipes have the service life of up to a hundred years, and have much higher elasticity, toughness than steel. Furthermore, basalt stone has better plasticity than the plastic, higher sheet strength than the light metal alloy, which can withstand rolling of the tank, and much higher corrosion resistance than the glass, certified by scientists.
11. High density
The density of Basalt is 2.8 ~ 3.3g/cm3, leading to a strong compression strength, at least as high as 300MPa. The presence of glassy and stomatal decrease such strength.
12. Investment and increment
The culture of stone collection has a long history. Basalt is a pure natural rescore which is very scarce and only exists in few places. Hainan Basalt is the best in quality of this type of stone in the world with the development in the coming future such resources will be less and less. In addition,.


The trend of basalt future development
Basalt is a new force of stone products, along with the rapid development of China is economic in recent years, with an increasingly strict national provision for building materials products, as well as higher requirements for building materials are continuing appearing from the active of construction market and consumers, The China volcanic rocks (basalt stone) industry is bound to become another important pillar of stone industry, we can say that it has a very broad bright prospects for future development.